Symbolism in The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas and Sur by...

Guin’s Symbolic Meanings Symbolism is commonly used by authors that make short stories. Guin is a prime example of how much symbolism is used in short stories such as â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† and â€Å"Sur.† In both of these stories Guin uses symbolism to show hidden meanings and ideas. In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† there is a perfect Utopian city, yet in this perfect city there is a child locked in a broom closet and it is never let out. A few people leave the city when they find out about the child, but most people stay. Furthermore, in â€Å"Sur† there is a group of girls that travel to the South Pole and reach it before anyone else, yet they leave no sign or marker at the South Pole. Guin’s stories are very farfetched†¦show more content†¦With this in mind both the child in the broom closet and drooz are the two most important symbols in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† because they both help reveal the main theme of the story to the readers. The third most important symbol in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† is the colors Guin uses to describe the city of Omelas. Guin uses green and gold the most to describe the city Omelas and its citizens. She also uses red, silver, white, and dark blue to help describe the city of Omelas. In â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† gold is used as a symbol for power and wealth, while green is used as a symbol for energy. Correspondingly â€Å"The horses wore no gear at all but a halter without a bit. Their manes were braided with streamers of silver, gold, and green† (Guin 1). As one can see by this quote green and gold are obvious, yet important symbols. Green and gold as symbols relate back to the citizens and the city of Omelas. Hence green and gold can lead the reader to find many themes they would not think of without these two very important symbols. In â€Å"Sur† Guin uses the w eather as one of the main symbols. Throughout the whole story of â€Å"Sur† Guin is very descriptive about the weather. For instance â€Å"It was over-cast, white weather, without shadows and without visible horizon or any feature to break the level; there was nothing else at all† (Guin 167). This quote shows how Guin is

The Cause Of The Dust Bowl - 1181 Words

Dusty Days Sam Starr Mrs. Terry Westling English III 16 October 2017 Outline Thesis: The Dust Bowl of the 1930s forever changed how Americans thought of and treated our farm lands in the Great Plains. Introduction I. Causes of the Dust Bowl A. The Drought in the Great Plains B. Improper Tending of the Land II. People Affected by the Dust Bowl A. Lawrence Srobin, Aris D. Carlson, and John Steinbeck B. Statistics of the Damage C. Farmer’s Problems Before the Dust Bowl III. FDR’s Fix for the Dust Bowl A. Strategic Planting of Trees in the Great Plains B. Free Education about Soil Treatment for Farmers Conclusion Dusty Days When the dust settled, the farmers of the U.S. were heartbroken over the acreage†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Much of the Roaring 20s was a continual cycle of debt for the American farmer, stemming from falling farm prices and the need to purchase expensive machinery.† (â€Å"The Farming Problem†). Tractors had just graced the U.S. markets which boosted the production of goods greatly. Most would think this was good, but it was more of a problem, the farmers would overproduce goods without enough people to buy them all which made the goods almost worthless. The farmers had to borrow money to pay for their tractors, assuming they would be able to pay back the debt with the money that the tractor made, but when they found they could not it set them up having no money and a debt with no way to pay it back. â€Å"When the stock market crashed in 1929 sending prices in an even more downward cycle, many American farmers wondered if their hardscrabble lives would ever improve.† (â€Å"The Farming Problem†). The stock market crashing made the stocks the farmers though they would be able to get some money from virtually worthless. The Dust Bowl only made matters worse. â€Å"Between 1932 and 1940 it is estimated 2.5 million people abandoned the plains for other regions of the country.† (Woolner) California received the majority of these migrants; roughly four hundred thousand. The Californians who were there before the migrants were unhappy about them coming in and taking their jobs, often referring to them as â€Å"Okies† (most of them came from Oklahoma). They were even prohibited fromShow MoreRelated Dust Bowl Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesanswers.com, a dust bowl is a region reduced to aridity by drought and dust storms. The best-known dust bowl is doubtless the one that hit the United States between 1933 and 1939. One major cause of that Dust Bowl was severe droughts during the 1930’s. The other cause was capitalism. Over-farming and grazing in order to achieve high profits killed of much of the plain’s grassland and when winds approached, nothing was there to hold the devastated soil on the ground. The Dust Bowl affected the GreatRead MoreThe Great Depression And Dust Bowl1165 Words   |  5 PagesDepression/Dust Bowl The ‘Dirty Thirties’ is perhaps one of the most known time periods in American History. During the 1930s, the worst and longest drought occurred in the United States, this was also know as the Dust Bowl. According to Christopher Klein, the Dust Bowl is considered both a man-made and natural disaster. In fact, many events contributed to the Dust Bowl such as poor farming techniques, a severe drought, and economic depression. One of the main causes of the Dust Bowl was the poorRead MoreThe Great Depression : The Dust Bowl984 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as the Dust Bowl. The problems that the people of the Dust Bowl dealt with however were not a result of the Depression as a whole but instead were the result of a combination of bad farming decisions and a horrible drought. Even though the timing makes it seem like the Dust Bowl experience in the 1930’s was a part of the Great Depression as a whole it was a totally different disaster that was occurring at the same time. The experience of the families that lived in the Dust Bowl during the 1930’sRead MoreThe Dust Bowl Of The United States1132 Words   |  5 Pageshardly quintessential. A notable provoker for this adversity was the dust storm known as the â€Å"Dust Bowl†, that lasted until about 1940. The Dust Bowl had consequences all over the United States. Besides causing the largest migration in American history when people began fleeing the midwest, it lead to the deaths of thousands of people and prompted soil conservation campaigns that called forth on the federal government. The Dust Bowl was an entirely avoidable tragedy rooted in greed and ignorance whereRead MoreFarming During The Great Depression1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Great Depression. But one of the main causes of the Great Depression was the farming conditions. Before the Great Depression life was great! The American life was starting to get better and better. But In the early 1930 s soil was reduced to dust and eroded, because of drought and improper farming practice. This period of long, stressful farming conditions was known as the Dust Bowl. It led to the increased number of deaths in the 1930’s. The Dust Bowl has some major effects on the U.S. suchRead MoreThe Black Blizzard And The Dust Bowl1570 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Dust Bowl many people and kids have suffered, many lost their home and their towns got ruined. One of the people who has suffered in the Dust Bowl is Ashton. When Ashton went to his school he was immediately pulled in by his teacher Mrs. Kam. He was then told that the entire middle east was affected by the Dust Bowl and that a black blizzard will hit very soon. Then the winds outside started to get faster, the windows getting hit by all the dust gathered from the storm, but luckily forRead MoreDust Bowl Bt Donald Worster Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesDust Bowl: Donald Worster The 1930s are a decade marked by devastation; the nation was in an economic crisis, millions of people were going hungry, and jobless. America was going through some dark times. But if you were living in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas (or any of those surrounding states) you had bigger things on your mind than being denied the money in your bank account. From 1935-1939 Winds and dust storms had left a good portion of our country desolate; however our author takes a slightlyRead MoreThe Dust Bowl Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl was the darkest moment in the twentieth-century life of the southern plains, (pg. 4) as described by Donald Worster in his book The Dust Bowl. It was a time of drought, famine, and poverty that existed in the 1930s. Its cause, as Worster presents in a very thorough manner, was a chain of events that was perpetuated by the basic capitalistic societys need for expansion and consumption. Considered by some as one of the worst ecological catastrophes in theRead MoreDust Bowl of the 1930s911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dust Bowl of the 1930’s had such an antagonistic effect on the United States economy that was already plummeting. The Dust Bowl affected the U.S economy in just about every way possible ranging from agriculture to finances including government expenses to population changes. This phenomena can be considered as one of the worst natural disasters that has affected the United States. The â€Å"Dust Bowl† was the name given to the Great Plains region that was greatly affected by drought in the 1930’sRead MoreThe Dust Bowl1192 Words   |  5 Pagesat a full moon. When he reached his house, his father rushed him inside. The first of many dust storms hit and the period known as the Dust Bowl began. The Dust Bowl was a brutal time period in Midwestern history; farmers were pushed off their land and forced to find new homes in new states. On a website called Drought Disasters, sponsored by Browing University, it was written â€Å"the seeds of the Dust Bowl may have been sown during the early 1920s. However, overproduction of wheat coupled with the

Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station Accident free essay sample

On August 17th, 2009, the Sayana-Shushenskaya powerplant suffered a massive accident that resulted in the flooding of the engine and turbine rooms and two electric generators to explode underwater due to short circuit. Due to fatigue caused by extensive vibrations, the pins holding turbine number 2 breaks apart. Water rushing down the penstocks forces the 1500 ton turbine through the powerhouse floor launching it 50 feet into the air. A fountain of water flowing at 67,600 gallons per second destroys the roof and floods the turbine hall causing power failures and short circuit to turbines 7 and 9[6]. 4. 1 Design Process Factors Shortly after its installation, turbine number 2 had been experiencing problems due to defects in seals and shaft vibrations. In March 2000, a complete overhaul on turbine 2 was performed where cavities of 12 mm in depth and cracks up to 130mm in length found and repaired. Despite these efforts, turbine number 2 continued to have problems resulting in further repairs in 2005 and 2009[7][5]. Prior to the accident, the turbine was undergoing scheduled maintenance from January through March 2009. During the maintenance period, the turbine blades were welded due to appearance of cracks and cavities caused by long period of operation. The turbine was also equipped with a new electro hydraulic speed regulator supplied by Promavtomatika company [7]. It was resynchronized to the grid on March 16 although the vibrations remained high but did not exceed specifications. The vibrations increased between April and July exceeding the specifications causing the unit to be taken offline until August 16th when the Bratsk fire forced managers to push the turbine into service again. LMZ, the St. Petersburg metalworks that manufactured the turbines gave it a 30 year service lifespan. Turbine 2’s age on August 17th was 29 years 10 months [6]. Turbine 2 was started and switched to regulating mode due to the Bratsk fire. Data on turbine 2’s start-up and operation period through to the failure time is recorded in Figure 5[3]. Figure : Operating condition of Turbine 2[3] The turbine models are RO-230/833-V-677. As shown in Figure 5, they have very narrow recommended zone of power control. Excessive vibrations occur when it is being operated with a power setting out of the recommended zone or when it is in transitioning through the â€Å"not recommended† zone. Furthermore, when turbine 2 was hastily pushed back into service, the vibrations were unusually high and continued to rise. Figure 6 bellow shows data of the vibration from the plant logs. [3] Figure : Increasing Vibration level of turbine 2[3] The log data shows that the bearing vibration level of turbine 2 increased exponentially and exceeded the values of other turbines by more than fourfold. At the period of the accident vibrations were at 840 µm when its maximum acceptable value is 160  µm. Figure 6 also shows that turbine 2 was operating with vibration levels above 600  µm for a long period while the rest of the turbines were at around 200  µm. [3] This led to the equipment fatigue, primarily in the turbine anchor bolts as a result of the extensive vibration causing it to finally reach the point of failure. 4. 2 Human Factors Human factor also played its part in causing the accident at the powerplant. If small details that were overlooked and ignored were fixed instead, the accident could have been averted. For instance, when turbine 2 was under maintenance from January to March 2009, after the repairs on the turbine were completed, the turbine wheel was not properly rebalanced before commencing operation [7]. This might have contributed to why the turbine continued to vibrate extensively during April and July leading it to be halted until August 16. However, turbine 2 was hastily pushed back into operation due to the Bratsk plant fire. The Siberian Unified Dispatching Control Centre (UDCC) made the decision to start turbine 2 at the Sayano-Shushenskaya plant and switch it to regulating mode immediately as cover for the Bratsk plant even though it was halted due to the extensive vibrations. This means that it was subjected to even more intense cycling service due to the flow of water, forcing it through several passes through the â€Å"not recommended† zones of power output as seen in Figure 5. Furthermore, these turbine models have a very fine working band at high efficiency conditions. When this band is exceeded the turbines will begin to vibrate due to the force of water flow. This in turn leads to degrading of the turbine eventually due to vibrations and shocks. The problem was observed many times and yet the load on turbine 2 was not reduced. During the morning of the accident on August 17th, 2009, the plant general director, Nikolai Nevolko, was celebrating his 17th anniversary. While he was away early in the morning to greet the arriving guests, the levels of vibrations were very high because turbine 2 was operating in the â€Å"not recommended† zone to meet grid demands [3]. None of the 50 staff present around turbine 2 had authority to make any decisions about taking further actions to cope with the increasing vibrations. They were used to those high levels of vibration and choose to ignore them. The report of the accident listed former state controlled utility chief Anatoly Chubais as one of the people it says were â€Å"conductive† to the accident [8]. Chubais is said to have approved an order to allow the powerplant to continue operating despite known problems and what the report described as â€Å"lack of an adequate evaluation of its current safety conditions†. It was even more puzzling why the order came years after the plant had actually been operating. [8] 5. 0 Consequences Effects of Accident 5. 1 Health In the aftermath of the accident, rescue operations were started to search for survivors with 400 employees assembled to clear the flood in the turbine hall and clear the wreckage. The operation spanned two weeks with 177,000 cubic feet of debris removed and 14 survivors were rescued from the wreckage. However that was not the case for everyone as 75 personnel were pronounced dead when trapped in the turbine hall. Due to the catastrophic results of the accident, the director of the plant Nikolai Nevolko resigned and was replaced by Valerii Kjari. [6][9] 5. 2 Environment Ecology Due to accident the penstocks had to be shut down due to repairs, hence all the river water was forced to pass through the spillway. The spillway was not designed to sustain large amounts of water during winter partly due to formation of huge amounts of ice blocking its path. The problem was later resolved by running some of the restored units and construction of in-rock bypass channels [3]. In addition to this, transformer oil spillage that was used as the coolant spilled into the river when the transformers exploded. Approximately at least 40 tons of transformer oil was spread over 80 kilometers downstream of the Yenisei River [11]. This spill led to the killing of tons of trout fish in two fisheries downstream and also affected other wildlife by the river [5]. 5. 3 Damage Costs The total cost of restoring the powerplant is at 40,981 million rubles. The restoration process was finances by the RusHydro’s equity capital and also by raising 4,832. 1 million from the federal budget in 2009 [10]. Payments were also made to the families of the deceased amounting to 38,170 rubles for funeral costs, two average monthly salaries of the deceased employee and also one year’s salary of the deceased for each member of the family that are unable to work amounting to about 1,000,00 rubles per family. Furthermore all employees that were injured will be provided with material assistance and their treatment and rehabilitation cost will be covered in full [12]. 6. 0 Improvement Prevention 6. 1 Design Process During the accident, the plant’s automatic safety system did not shut down the turbines and close the entry gates to the penstock at the top of the dam due to short circuits. The system now has been improved to close the gates in case of a power loss. In addition to that, the gates can now also be controlled manually from the main control room. Emergency backup power has been installed for further security incase the main power supply fails [3][6]. The powerplant should also install a vibration monitoring system on each of the turbines. They should be programmed to follow specific rules that do not depend on manual interaction to shut down a faulty unit. This device could act as an emergency shutdown in case of excessive vibrations. The turbines should not be allowed to operate in the â€Å"not recommended† zone for two long. Its operation should be monitored constantly to avoid formation of cracks and cavities. 6. 2 Human Resources The installation and maintenance of all turbines and equipment should be monitored and accepted by the primary equipment manufacturers and not by the powerplant chiefs as before. This is because the manufacturers would have more knowledge of how to deal with defects in the systems. The directors and management board should make sure to never neglect and ignore even a small problem with the operation. They should ensure the turbines be put offline at the first indication of abnormalities. 6. 3 Safety Health The main improvement that can be made is for the directors of the plant to place more value on human and equipment safety than on the economics of power production. Staff should be given sufficient training and guidelines to handle emergency situation. They should be given sufficient authority to make crucial decisions in the absence of a superior. Finally, a fully funded extensive inspection, repair and maintenance program should be put into action more often. Furthermore, random inspections by an independent organization that is familiar to safety hazards should be encouraged. 7. 0 Conclusion To summarize this report, the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroplant was caused mainly by poor management and technical flaws. It could have been avoided if a more tight maintenance had been implemented. Also staff working at the powerplant should have been more aware about problems with turbine number 2 especially since it has been giving problems since the dam was built. Tighter safety rules and safety inspections should be made in the future to avoid this catastrophic event from repeating itself again.

Police public relationship in Bangladesh free essay sample

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of published research on the public image of the police. The report covers three types of police images: general perceptions of the police as an organization or institution, perceptions of police outcomes, and perceptions of police processes. The report considers research that reflects on improving the image of police. It summarizes the findings and discusses the implications for future research. Methodology Two types of reviews were conducted: a review of published research and a review of archived data sets pertaining to the image of the police held by the public. A comprehensive search of social science research literature was conducted to obtain a base for the literature review. We attempted to obtain all of the publications drawing on national surveys of police. We were selective in drawing upon surveys relevant to specific police agencies, using these where national surveys did not provide insights to important questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Police public relationship in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A thorough search of publicly available archives of national and major international surveys of the police image was also conducted. Surveys of samples drawn on a state, county, or municipality were not considered unless they offered some valuable insights to broader questions about the police image. Where available we obtained copies of the survey instruments  (or those parts relevant to the police image) and basic characteristics of the sample. From this information we prepared a catalog that will allow IACP to view the entire scope of existing survey data on the police image that are already available. This catalog is provided separately in a form that is electronically accessible. Selected data from these surveys are presented in Exhibits in this report. Major Findings and Recommendations The public image of the police is complex. It has many aspects, grouped under three general categories: overall image, perceptions of police outcomes, and perceptions of police processes. There are different ways to measure each aspect. Findings can vary considerably according to which aspect is measured and how each is measured. Polls of the adult population in the United States since the 1960s show that the majority of the public has an over-all positive view of the police. Depending on the year and the particular measure used, the percentage of respondents with a positive assessment of police has been between 51 and 81 percent. When asked to assess service to their own neighborhoods, respondents tend to produce even higher evaluations. Relatively few citizens offer a negative assessment of police. The police consistently rank among the institutions and occupations in which the public expresses the highest confidence and trust. Most citizens are satisfied with police service in their own neighborhood, and this level of satisfaction appears to vary little from one urban jurisdiction to another. Cross-jurisdiction research on this topic is limited to a small number of jurisdictions, however. Citizens’ experiences with the police affect their over all assessment of the police. The more positive a citizen’s recent experience with the police, the more positive the citizen’s over-all assessment of the police. However, previously held views of police do not change easily and themselves tend to influence how citizens interpret their own experiences with the police. The vast majority of the American public has not had a face-to-face contact with a police officer in the previous twelve months, so it will be difficult for police to make large improvements in their over all public image by the direct contact they have with the public. Large portions of the American public report using the mass media as their primary source of information about crime, and these stories are the context for most mass media accounts of police work. News and entertainment  media portray police and police work in a highly distorted fashion. The recent trend toward â€Å"tabloid-style† journalism – even in mainstream media – appears to reduce public confidence and trust in the police. Between the 1980s and mid-1990s, increasing numbers of the American public gave police protection in their area a positive assessment. Neighborhood residents hold both police and residents responsible for controlling crime in the neighborhood. At the end of the 20th century, substantial majorities of the American public expressed positive views of how police treat the public. Police ranked highest in being helpful and friendly and lowest in treating people fairly. The public image of honesty and ethical standards of police has improved substantially from 1997 to 2000. The majority of the American public does not perceive police brutality in their area, but from the mid-1960s to the end of the 20th century the percentage who do perceive brutality has increased approximately threefold, accounting for a third of the public. This increase may be due at least in part to the public’s changing standards of what constitutes brutality. The public has become less accepting of police use of force during this time period. Across nearly all indicators of the public image of the police, racial minorities consistently show lower assessments of police than do whites. These race effects appear to be particularly enduring for citizens’ assessments of police fairness and use of force. The over-all legitimacy of the police depends much more on citizens’ perceptions of how the police treat them than on their perceptions of police success in reducing crime. Public confidence in and support for the police depends more on citizens’ perceptions of police officers’ motives than whether the outcome was personally favorable to the citizen. The public’s perceptions of how police treat them appear to affect their willingness to obey the law and obey the police. Negative publicity about the police in one city that receives high visibility around the nation may have a nation-wide impact on the public’s view of the police, but the effect appears to be modest and not enduring. When the public perceives major threats to the nation’s security, the overwhelming majority appear willing to give additional powers to the police that invade privacy and restrict liberty, but substantial portions of the public are also concerned about the possibility of police abuses of these powers. Community policing may have some modest, long-term positive influence on citizens’ satisfaction with  police, but it is unlikely to produce a â€Å"quick fix.† The following represents a distillation of the major findings of this study. Between the 1980s and mid-1990s, increasing numbers of the American public gave police protection in their area a positive assessment. Neighborhood residents hold both police and residents responsible for controlling crime in the neighborhood. At the end of the 20th century, substantial majorities of the American public expressed positive views of how police treat the public. Police ranked highest in being helpful and friendly and lowest in treating people fairly. The public image of honesty and ethical standards of police has fluctuated over the years but has improved substantially from 1977 to 2000. At the end of the 20th century, a majority of the American public perceives racial profiling to be a widespread practice and a problem. The majority of the American public does not perceive police brutality in their area, but from the mid-1960s to the end of the 20th century the percentage who do perceive brutality has increased approximately threefold, accounting now for a third of the public. This increase may be due at least in part to the public’s changing standards of what constitutes brutality. The public has become less accepting of police use of force during this time period. Across nearly all indicators of the public image of the police, racial minorities consistently show lower assessments of police than do whites. These race effects appear to be particularly enduring for citizens’ assessments of police fairness and use of force. The over-all legitimacy of the police depends much more on citizens’ perceptions of how the police treat them than on their perceptions of police success in reducing crime. Public confidence in and support for the police depends more on citizens’ perceptions of police officers’ motives than whether the outcome was personally favorable to the citizen. The public’s perceptions of how police treat them appear to affect their willingness to obey the law and obey the police. Negative publicity about the police in one city that receives high visibility around the nation may have a nation-wide impact on the public’s view of the police, but the effect appears to be modest and not enduring. When the public perceives major threats to the nation’s security, the overwhelming majority appear willing to give additional powers to the police that invade privacy and restrict liberty, but substantial portions of the public are also concerned about the possibility of police abuses of these  powers. Community policing may have some modest, long-term positive influence on citizens’ satisfaction with police, but it is unlikely to produce a â€Å"quick fix.† The following summarizes the major limitations of the available research and lists recommendations for future research. Different measures of the public’s image of the police can produce radically different results. Research is needed to identify the best survey items to accomplish specific research and evaluation purposes. Doing this will provide more valid and reliable measures for learning what the public image of the police is and what influences that image. Very little is known about the relative importance of various sources of information on the police’s public image. Research is needed to learn how much influence is exerted by the public’s personal experiences with the police, what they learn second-hand from friends and acquaintances, and what they learn from the mass media. Knowing how much and in what ways each of these sources influence public opinion about the police will help police develop more effective strategies for improving the public’s evaluations of and support for the police. Very little is known about the influence of nationally publicized events on the police image. Knowing how both negative and positive publicity in one community affects the public’s image of police in other communities will help police leaders learn how to deal more effectively with the consequences of those events in their local communities. Very little is known about how much variation there is in levels of citizen satisfaction with the police from community to community, and even less is known about what types of communities and police agencies show the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction. Research on this topic will help to validate what most effectively enhances the police image. Given the tremendous diversity of communities and police agencies, the research must distinguish what works in different kinds of communities. Virtually all of the survey research on the police image has concentrated on relatively large urban jurisdictions. Very little is known about contextual influences on patterns of public opinion about the police. Patterns may be different when crime is high compared to when crime is low, when there are strongly perceived threats to national security and when there are not. Very little is known about the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of police performance. When the crime rate is going up or down does the public credit the police with this  effect? Because police tend to rely heavily on objective measures of performance in dealing with crime and solving problems, it is important to know whether success or failure objectively measured translates into public credit and accountability when measured subjectively through public opinion surveys. Little is known about the implications of public opinion for public behavior that is of concern to police. Are there thresholds of public satisfaction or dissatisfaction in a community that indicate a considerably increased likelihood of citizen support or resistance to the police? What are the consequences of shifts in the police image for the tenure of police leadership? Answers to these questions will help police leaders use poll results to predict short and long-term trends in citizens’ behaviors that are important to police. The report concludes with a proposal for IACP to take a lead role in developing a data collection system that would enable its membership to track its progress in improving the police image and make it possible for researchers to answer the research questions listed above. The working name for this program is the Uniform Public Opinion Poll on Policing (UPOPP). The UPOPP system would be a voluntary program that would provide survey research planning to participating agencies. Those agencies would agree to conduct an annual public opinion survey in their jurisdictions. In addition to a common set of survey questions for all agencies, these surveys could also include questions crafted to suit the special needs of that department and the community it serves. Data would be archived by a research organization selected by IACP. In addition to providing advice on the design and implementation of the annual survey, the research organization would analyze the archived data, issuing an annual report on the state of the public image of police. The following sections of the executive summary provide a more detailed description of findings and recommendations. Findings are divided into major sections on the general image of the police, perceptions of the outcomes of policing, perceptions of policing processes, and improving the public perception of the police. This is followed by a discussion that places the findings in perspective. The executive summary concludes with a discussion of priority issues for future research and an agenda for data collection.